Case Study of Puan Hajjah Faiza Bawumi Essay

The family a social institution is the most fundamental of all social groups and it is universal in its distribution from time immemorial. It is fundamental and persistent social group, a basic social institution at the very care of society. The values institutionalized in the family have long been regarded as important enough to warrant strong measures against any behavior that violated them. Not only has the family been defined as fundamental to the existence of society, but it has been viewed as a source of morality and decent content. It has also been defined as a primary force for controlling behavior and civilizing of human. The family is a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children. It may include collateral or subsidiary relationship, but it is constituted by the living together of mates forming with their offspring a distinctive unity. This unit has certain common characteristics everywhere in human society. The following are the five significant characteristics seen essential to the very nature of the family that may be met in extremely a ways. †¢ A mating relationship †¢ A form of marriage or other institutional arrangement in accordance with which the mating relation is established and maintained. †¢ A system of nomenclature, involving also a mode of reckoning descent. †¢ Some economic provision shared by the members of the group but having especial reference to the economic needs associated with child bearing a child rearing and generally, †¢ A common habitation, home or household. In Islam, contraception is mainly addressed in the context of marriage and family. As a social system, culture, and civilization, Islam considers the family the basic unit of society. The Quran, Islam’s holy book and the primary source of Islamic law or Shariah, views marriage as sacred and identifies the husband and wife as the principals of family formation. The Quran has a number of references to marriage, including the following: [pic] It is He who created you from single soul andtherefrom did make his mate, that he might dwell in tranquility with her. (7 :189) And God has made for you mates from yourselvesand made for you out of them, children and grandchildren.(16:72) These verses suggest that tranquility is an important purpose of family life and is achieved through marriage. Also, while procreation is expected in marriage to maintain the human race,sexual relations in marriage need not always be for the purpose of having children. On this point, Islam departs from some other religions where procreation is the exclusive purpose of sexual relations. From the Islamic point of view, when procreation takes place, it should support and endorse tranquility rather than disrupt it. Thus, contraception helps families achieve tranquility by having children when they want them and when they are prepared to have them. Because of the importance of family in Muslim societies, legal scholars from various Islamic schools of jurisprudence and from various locales have given considerable attention to contraception. MUSLIM FAMILY THE STRUCTURE OF MUSLIM FAMILY There have been many definitions and descriptions of the family. For our purpose, we shall adopt the following simplified definition. The family is a human social group whose members are bound together by the bond of blood ties and/or marital relationship. The family bond entails mutual expectations of rights and obligations that are prescribed by religion, enforced by law, and observed by the group of members. Accordingly, the family members share certain mutual commitments. These pertain to identity and provision, inheritance and counsel, affection for the young and security for the aged, and maximization of effort to ensure continuity of the family. As can be clearly seen from the above definition, the foundation of the family in Islam is blood ties and/or marital commitments. Adoption, mutual alliance, clientage, private consent to sexual intimacy, and ‘common law’ or ‘trial’ marriages do not institute a family in the Islamic sense. Islam builds the family on solid grounds that are capable of providing reasonable continuity, true security, and mature intimacy. The foundations of the family have to be so firm and natural as to nurture sincere reciprocity and moral gratification. Islam recognizes that there is no more natural relationship than that of blood, and no more wholesome pattern of sexual intimacy than one in which morality and gratification are joined. Islam recognizes the religious virtue, the social necessity, and the moral advantages of marriage. The normal course of behavior for the Muslim individual is to be family-oriented and to seek a family of one’s own. Marriage and family are central in the Islamic system. There are many passages in the Qur’an and statements by the Prophet which go as far as to say that when a Muslim marries, he has thereby perfected half his religion; so let him be God-minded and careful of his ‘other half’. Muslim scholars have interpreted the Qur’an to mean that marriage is a religious duty, a moral safeguard, and a social commitment. As a religious duty, it must be fulfilled; but like all other duties in Islam, it is enjoined only upon those who are capable of meeting the responsibilities involved. 1. The Meaning of Marriage Whatever meaning people assign to marriage, Islam views it as a strong bond, a challenging commitment in the fullest sense of the word. It is a commitment to life itself, to society, and to the dignified, meaningful survival of the human race. It is a commitment that married couples make to one another as well as to God. It is a kind of commitment in which they find mutual fulfillment and self-realization, love and peace, compassion and serenity, comfort and hope. All this is because marriage in Islam is regarded first and foremost as a righteous act, an act of responsible devotion. Sexual control may be a moral triumph, reproduction a social necessity or service, and sound health a gratifying state of mind. Yet, these values and purposes of marriage take on a special meaning and are reinforced if they are intertwined with the idea of God, if they are also conceived as religious commitments, and internalized as Divine blessings. And this seems to be the focal point of marriage in Isl am. To paraphrase some Qur’anic verses, mankind are called: to be dutiful to God, Who created them from a single soul, and from it or of it created its mate, and from the two of them scattered abroad many men and women (4:1). It was God Who created mankind out of one living soul, and created of that soul a spouse so that he might find comfort and rest in her (7:107). And it is a sign of God that He has created men, of themselves, mates to seek in their company peace and tranquility, and has set between them mutual love and affection. Surely, in that are signs for those who reflect (30:21). Even at the most trying times of married life, and in the midst of legal disputes and litigation, the Qur’an reminds the parties of God’s law; it commands them to be kind to one another, truly charitable toward one another, and above all dutiful to God. It is noteworthy that the Islamic provisions of marriage apply to men and women equally. For example, if celibacy is not recommended for men, it is equally so for women. This is in recognition of the fact that women’s needs are equally legitimate and are seriously taken into consideration. In fact, Islam regards marriage to be the normal, natural course for women just as it is for men. It may even be more so for women because it assures them, among other things, of relative economic security. This significant additional advantage for women does not, however, characterize marriage as a purely economic transaction. Indeed, the most peripheral aspect of marriage in Islam is the economic aspect, no matter how persuasive it may be. The Prophet is reported to have said that a woman is ordinarily sought as a wife for her wealth, for her beauty, for the nobility of stock, or for her religious qualities; but blessed and fortunate is he who chooses his mate for piety in preference to everything else. The Qur’an commands marriage to the spouseless and the pious even though they may be poor and slaves (24:32). On the other hand, whatever dowry (marriage gifts) a man gives his prospective wife belongs to her; and whatever she may have acquired prior to or after marriage is hers alone. There is no necessary community of property between husbands and wives. Furthermore, it is the husband who is responsible for the maintenance and economic security of the family. He must even provide the wife with the kind of help and service to which she was used before marriage, and, according to some scholars, she is under no legal obligation to do the routine housework, although she may do so, and usually does, for some reason or other, e.g. cooperation, economy, etc. 2. The Performance of Marriage Because Islam considers marriage a very serious commitment, it has prescribed certain measures to make the marital bond as permanent as humanly possible. The parties must strive to meet the conditions of proper age, general compatibility, reasonable dowry, good will, free consent, unselfish guardianship, honorable intentions, and judicious discretion. When the parties enter into a marital contract, the intention must be clear to make the bond permanent, free from any casual or temporary designations. For this reason, trial marriages, term marriages, and all marriages that appear to be experimental, casual, or temporary, are forbidden in Islam. In one of his statements, the Prophet condemned the men and women who relish frequent change of partners, that is, the ‘tasters’, saying: ‘Allah does not like the tasters [i.e. men and women who enjoy changing partners after short-lived marriages].’ However, to insist on the permanent character of marriage does not mean that the marital contract is absolutely indissoluble. Muslims are designated by the Qur’an as a middle nation and Islam is truly a religion of the ‘golden mean’, a well-balanced and well-integrated system. This is particularly clear in the case of marriage which Islam regards as neither a sacrament nor a simple civil contract. Rather, marriage in Islam is something unique with very special features of both sacramental and contractual nature. It is equally true that the alternative to the extreme of casual or temporary marriage is not the other extreme of absolute indissolubility of the marital contract. The Islamic course is one of equitable and realistic moderation. The marriage contract should be taken as a serious, permanent bond. But it does not work well for any valid reason; it may be terminated in kindness and honor, with equity and peace. 3. The Husband-Wife Relationship With piety as the basis of spouse selection, and with the earnest satisfaction of the conditions of marriage, the parties should be well on the way to a happy and fulfilling married life. However, Islam goes much further than this in setting the course of behavior for husbands and wives. Many are the statements of the Qur’an and the Sunnah that prescribe kindness and equity, compassion and love, sympathy and consideration, patience and good will. In a part of a hadith the Prophet goes as far as to declare that the best Muslim is the one who is best to his family. In another hadith he states that the greatest, most blessed joy in life is a good, righteous wife. The consummation of marriage creates new roles for the parties concerned. Each role is a set of equitable, proportionate rights and obligations. The role of the husband revolves around the moral principle that it is his solemn duty to God to treat his wife with kindness, honor, and patience; to keep her honorably or free her from the marital bond honorably; and to cause her no harm or grief (Qur’an, 2:229-32; 4:19). The role of the wife is summarized in the verse that women have rights even as they have duties, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree over them (2:228). This degree is usually interpreted by Muslim scholars in conjunction with another passage which states, among other things, that men are trustees, guardians, and protectors of women because God has made some of them excel others and because men expend of their means (Qur’an, 4:34). It may be likened to what sociologist call ‘instrumental leadership’ or external authority in the household due to the division of labor and role differentiation. It does not, however, mean any categorical discrimination or superiority of one sex to the other. a. The wife’s rights: the husband’s obligations. Translated into rules of behavior, these ethical principles allocate to the wife certain rights and corresponding obligations. Because the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet have commanded kindness to women, it is the husband’s duty to consort with his wife in an equitable and kind manner. One specific consequence of this Divine command is his responsibility for the full maintenance of the wife, a duty which he must discharge cheerfully, without reproach, injury, or condescension. Components of maintenance: Maintenance entails the wife’s incontestable right to lodging, clothing, sustenance, and general care and wellbeing. The wife’s residence must be adequate so as to provide her with reasonable level of privacy, comfort, and independence. Foremost is the welfare of the wife and the stability of the marriage. What is true of the residence is true of clothing, food, and general care. The wife has the right to be clothed, fed, and cared for by the husband, in accordance with his means and her style of life. These rights are to be exercised without either extravagance or miserliness. Nonmaterial rights: The wife’s material rights are not her only assurances and securities. She has other rights of moral nature; and they are equally binding and specific. A husband is commanded by the law of God to treat his wife with equity, to respect her feelings, and to show her kindness and consideration. She is not to be shown any aversion by the husband or subjected to suspense and uncertainty. A corollary of this rule is that no man is allowed to keep his wife with the intention of inflicting harm on her or hindering her freedom. If he has not love or sympathy for her, she has the right to demand freedom from the marital bond, and no one may stand in her way to a new life. b. The wife’s obligations: the husband’s rights. The main obligation of the wife as a partner in a marital relationship is to contribute to the success and happiness of the marriage as much as possible. She must be attentive to the comfort and wellbeing of her mate. She may neither offend him nor hurt his feelings. Perhaps nothing can illustrate the point better than the Qur’anic statement which describes the righteous people as those who pray, â€Å"Our Lord! Grant unto us wives and offspring who will be the joy and the comfort of our eyes, and guide us to be models of righteousness (Qur’an, 25:74).† This is the basis on which all the wife’s obligations rest and from which they flow. To fulfill this basic obligation, the wife must be faithful, trustworthy, and honest. More specifically, she must not deceive her husband by deliberately avoiding conception lest it deprive him of legitimate progeny. Not must she allow any other person to have access to that which is exclusively the husband’s right, i.e. sexual intimacy. A corollary of this is that she must not receive or entertain strange males in her home without his knowledge and consent. Nor may she accept their gifts without his approval. This is probably meant to avoid jealousy, suspicion, gossip, etc., and also to maintain the integrity of all parties concerned. The husband’s possessions are his trust. If she has access to any portion thereof, of if she is entrusted with any fund, she must discharge her duty wisely and thriftily. She may not lend or dispose of any of his belongings without his permission. With respect to intimacy, the wife is to make her desirable; to be attractive, responsive, and cooperative. A wife may not deny herself to her husband, for the Qur’an speaks of them as a comfort to each other. Due consideration is, of course, given to health and decency. Moreover, the wife is not permitted to do anything that may render her companionship less desirable or less gratifying. If she does any such thing or neglects herself, the husband has the right to interfere with her freedom to rectify the situation. To ensure maximum self-fulfillment for both partners, he is not permitted to do anything on his part that may impede here gratification.

Mixture & Solids

Fawn Lovell February 25, 2013 Lab#2 Separation of Mixture of Solids PURPOSE The purpose of this lab was to understand the steps involved in separation of multiple solids and how to proceed in the separation of iron filings, sand, table salt and benzoic acid. DATA SEPERATION OF MIXTURE OF SOLIDS | |DATA TABLE | | |GRAMS |PERCENT OF MATERIAL | |IRON FILINGS |1. | | |SAND |1. 5 | | |TABLE SALT |UNKNOWN LAB WAS COMPROMISED **** |UNKNOWN LAB WAS | | | |COMPROMISED*** | |BENZOIC ACID |. | | |TOTAL |3. 3 total for the above available count | | ****while mixture of water and table salt were evaporating in the cupboard in-law accidently spilt out of container it was in so test amount was never able to be done*** OBSERVATIONS The separation of material for the iron filings were to get out of the mixture even though a few passes had to be done to make sure all of them were out.The experiment to extract the sand, table salt and benzoic was slightly difficult of a process and with only one t est material available the lab was not able to done correctly. The process to get the sand and the Benzoic acid was easily accomplished but even four days of evaporation time to get the distilled water to evaporate to the grams of table salt would be available there had been no evaporation and then the experimental incident with the spillage of the salt/distilled water . CALCULATIONSUnable to complete due to percentage of table salt not found due to accidental spilling of distilled water and table salt left in cup to determine appropriate percentages between all substances. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION The experiment to find how to extract multiple materials out of one sample was a long and difficult process to this researcher. The flow chart was helpful in understanding the steps but when the experiment was conducted it was not as simple. There were plenty of iron filings and with the strength of the magnet provided took multiple passes to retrieve all of them out of the mixture.The benzo ic acid crystals in the cold bath went better than expected and was the researcher was surprised how many crystals were obtained out of the original mixture. The hardest was to obtain the salt grams and percentage, the evaporation time was to short and with the invalidation due to an experimental accident was never obtained and the experiment was never completed correctly. What the researcher has learned from this experiment is to better allocate time, understanding evaporation time and to make sure experiments that need to take time to complete are stored in a better location.QUESTIONS A. How did your procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? The procedural flow chart that was designed to extract all the mixture followed the lab experiment, however possibly a slightly bigger magnet could have been used for the iron filings, they were hard to extract all of them and also the procedure to obtain the salt might have been designed better so days would not have been involved since the experiment had a time limit and evaporation can take weeks.B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The advantage of using a flow chart procedure is to show how you are going to conduct the experiment so other researchers can follow the same steps as the previous researcher so if experimental errors occur the researcher can go back to what step might have been done incorrectly. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage?The sand recovery percentage that is higher from the original sand percentage might be from not letting it dehydrate all the way and could still hold the potential of water molecules in it. D. What were potential source of error in this experiment? The potential sources of error could possibly be from not extracting all the mixture out of the sample, evaporation of the distilled water and as in this researchers case having the material being accidently spilled.

Chrysler Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chrysler Corporation - Assignment Example It serves the market niche- i.e. high-end users that want luxurious cars. It ensures to produce superior products that are highly valued and technically advanced cars. It promises to produce the most fuel efficient, reliable, stylish and safe vehicles for consumers all over the world. Chrysler believes in innovation and creativity, and therefore comes up with new, innovative and technologically advanced vehicles. Chrysler is one of those companies who value their customers a great deal. The second great strength of the company is that it has started to focus greatly on customer care. It is the first auto company to have a Chief Customer Officer. This has generated significant improvement in its customer services and the company has achieved competitive advantage. Their biggest weakness is their poor relationship with their suppliers and dealers. For an organization like this, they strongly have to rely on their suppliers & dealers. They need to work on and build the good relationship with them to ensure a good supply chain. Chrysler’s overall market share is small and declining. According to the Wall Street Journal, 2010 the market share had dropped by 11% from a previous year in 2009 and is now 9.2%. In 2010 the market share was increased to 9.5% which was again not a very significant improvement. Consumers are more interested in fuel efficient, environmentally friendly and innovative automobiles. The demand for greener vehicles is increasing and consumers are becoming more conscious about the environment they live in. It is expected that the market for green cars is going to be 55% by the year 2015. Although Chrysler’s strong points are minivans and SUVs, a partnership with Fiat has created opportunities for the company to penetrate in South American and Asian markets by producing smaller cars.

American History Since 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History Since 1865 - Essay Example It was partly successful in doing so for some years but the future events showed that the treaty was a complete failure. The harsh terms of the treaty instilled a desire for revenge in the hearts of Germans and promoted the rise of Nazism which ultimately led to the Second World War. 2. The primary issues of the Scope Trial were education and science v. religion. What were the broader social implications? What did this trial reveal about the American public at the time? How are these issues relevant today? The Scopes trial primarily represented a conflict between science and religion, but it had broader social implications. It triggered a debate on social issues like liberalism, freedom of speech and censorship. The fact that Dayton received massive support across the country even after he was convicted guilty was a clear indication that the American public favored freedom. People favored modernism and liberalism and the freedom of choice over conservative ideology. Regarding any con troversial topic, the general public was of the opinion it should only be a matter of personal choice about what is right. The Scopes trial took place years ago but the issue is still fresh in the present era. The public still debates on the issue of freedom over topics like abortion, gay marriages and sex education in schools. Works Cited Bailey, Thomas, Lizabeth Cohen and David M Kennedy. The American Pageant- Vol. II.

Analyzing a Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing a Job - Essay Example These descriptions are formulated by the human resource department of the company; they are arrived at after the workforce requirements are comprehensively scrutinized since the description would give the type of applicants that the firm would receive. A part from mere undertakings and the technical skills that are of relevance in undertaking these responsibilities, the details should include such personal features that would ease the process of one holding the position. In this manner, the firm ensures that the employees it eventually hires would be of the traits that would be easy to effectively manage (Thomas & Michael, 2001). A New York hospitality firm, Travel care company Limited, has for the past three years operated in the American market offering such services in hotel booking, flight ticketing, car rental and hiring . The company has decided to venture into the tour industry for the first time. The firm is, therefore, diversifying its services and is expanding to other cities in America as well. Their first destination following this diversification is the city of Los Angels. A number of new positions have, as a result, been created and the firm aims to hire several of these within the five weeks preceding the formal opening of the Los Angel’s offices. Following the planned diversification of the firm, two fundamental departments have been created and would thus require staffing. It is with that effect that this memo seeks validity. The firm will be seeking to employ twenty five drivers and tour guides of similar number. The individuals will be responding to the head of department on tourism from which orders and terms of daily engagements will be communicated on daily basis. They will be tasked with the mandate of taking the tourists on safaris. Their main task will be to ensure that the tourists receive

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Team Case Study 2 The Deepwater Horizon Part 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Visual analusis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual analusis - Essay Example There are beautiful pictures of the Island, which give off a very refreshing feel. Water is shown mostly as it is the main attraction for people, while volcanic mountains are another great attraction and they are showcased too. The pictures are about people having the time of their lives. These images appeal to the fun side of people, showing them the various activities they can participate in. It gives the idea of being close to nature and having as much fun as one wants. However, this is not all the island has to offer, there are other things that are equally important and the one thing that is evident everywhere is the Hawaiian culture. A detailed account of the history of Hawaii is also present on the website to make it easier for people to view ("Hawaiian Islands"). The videos present on the website are up to date and they promote the culture, informing the people about the various spots that should be visited. They let people know about the specialities of Hawaii, convincing them to visit the place. For this purpose, these videos are also made at spots that are very beautiful and serene. The basic thing that is being focusses upon is the peacefulness –as there are beaches to relax on and various spas for massages. It is supposed to be a get-away from the hectic routine and this is exactly what this campaign portrays. Water plays a major role in this. It portrays a very soothing picture and gives a "visual breadth of space" that in turn provides openness and peace to the mind (Keane and Ohashi 150-151). The intended idea is for people to realize that for a certain period of time they will be surrounded by the tranquility of the exotic landscape and culture of Hawaii that will make them forget all their problems and enjoy to the fullest. People can listen to the stories present in the video section of the website and become more confident about choosing Hawaii as a spot for vacations ("Hawaiian Islands"). The text is easy to read, and is

EMPLOYEE RIGHTS, MANAGED CARE AND PATIENT SAFETY Essay - 1

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The Level of Customer Satisfaction of Grameen Phone Limited Dissertation

The Level of Customer Satisfaction of Grameen Phone Limited - Dissertation Example 1.0 Introduction 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION The academic program is the building up of the theoretical knowledge about business administration, which is the base of practical knowledge. The program is an attempt to provide the business students an orientation to a real life business situation in which we can observe and evaluate the use and applicability of the theoretical concepts, which were taught in the classrooms. As per norm this report is the requirement of the fulfillment of the internship program. This report titled â€Å"Assessing the Level of Customer Satisfaction of Grameenphone.† 1.2 OBJECTIVES: 1.2.1 Primary Objectives ïÆ'Ëœ To discuss about telecommunication business in Bangladesh. ïÆ'Ëœ To present a background and introduction of Grameenphone Ltd. ïÆ'Ëœ To focus on the business and operations of the company. ïÆ'Ëœ To discuss about the activity of the Customer Service Division of Grameenphone Ltd. ïÆ'Ëœ Compare other operators with Grameenphone Ltd. ïÆ'Ëœ To focus on the most resent after sales service improvement and market position of Grameenphone Ltd. ïÆ'Ëœ To find out the satisfaction level of Grameenphone subscribers. ïÆ'Ëœ To specify the areas of dissatisfaction of the Grameenphone users. ïÆ'Ëœ Identify the findings of analysis and recommend based on the findings. 1.2.2 Secondary Objectives: ïÆ'Ëœ To have knowledge on Grameenphone Ltd. and mobile industry. ïÆ'Ëœ To improve corresponding and report writing ability. 1.3 SCOPE The scope of the study is limited within the telecommunication industry of Bangladesh. It is also limited within the organization of Grameenphone, especially in the Customer Service Division of the company. Here I discussed with the topics related to the after sales customer satisfaction of Grameenphone Ltd. 1.4 Significance of the study GP knows that in near future, the sell will sluggish down and all the activities will occur through targeting the after sell services. And for that GP always wants to give their priority to this sector. All the activities GrameenPhone Ltd. based on their service. Mobile operators are mainly selling their service to their customers. And in that competition Grameen Phone provides best quality service to their customers. So being an employee of GrameenPhone Ltd. it's an honor to find out the customer satisfaction level. However today the competition is raising and it's create an opportunity to the customers for choose better one. As a result the telecom organizations are now not only looking for capture new customer but also retain the present and past customers too. For that they are now completely focus on their service level. So it's very important for GrameenPhone Ltd. to keep their service level up always as they did previous. The rationale of this study is to

More impotant than a baby sitter Essay Example for Free

More impotant than a baby sitter Essay In today’s world we live our lives constantly wondering what we can do to better ourselves or our children. When in fact we should be concerned with what we didn’t do already. Pet scans and other research show that from birth to age 6 are the most crucial years for brain development. At just the age of three, a child’s brain is twice as active as the average adult brain and it stays that way for the first decade of life. With the world at its most competitive period, we want our children to be as logical and knowledgeable as possible. Preschools are a great way to focus on the essential components that allow a child’s brain to develop. Even though some parents treat preschool as a baby sitter, they may be missing the bigger picture that these great facilities are making. Babies are born learning, they make synapses connections throughout the day. And these connections are only made if they are a repetitive action, like putting the square block through the square hole. This is considered the â€Å"wiring† of the child’s brain and only takes place during the young years. Teachers know this and make the children preform the repetitive actions so the connections they are experiencing are strong and last throughout the rest of their lives. Preschoolers learn so much so fast it’s like they are making leaps in their education. If everyone was educated starting at the preschool level who knows how much more successful and developed this world would be. Preschools offer a safe environment for children to interact for maybe even the first time. This one on one contact is for proper development; the child learns how to wait, take turns and how to listen. This helps determine personality for the long run of the pupil’s life. These experiences must happen during preschool age to have a long term effect and the child benefit. Children also learn motor skills in preschool and the soft; child friendly rooms prevent any accidents or damage to their fragile bodies. They are able to try new movements and exercise their motor skills all while having fun. Music is another item introduced to the children for the first time. Musically inclined people have found to be introduced to music at a very early age according to Educational Expert Barbra Callaghan. And music has positive effects with originality and creativity. And it’s hard to call it a preschool without arts and crafts, this type of hand eye coordination goes hand and hand with the skills learned from music. Music is also a great tool for memorization, face it, when you think about the alphabet that same tune they play in preschools comes to mind. It also teaches rhythm and tempo and stimulates their brain to perform as a â€Å"sponge† to soak up information in large amounts. The first day of kindergarten can be extremely confusing and overwhelming for some children, but for children that have been enrolled in preschool it’s just a lot bigger building with new people. Preschool has been called the â€Å"boot camp of education†, because it is designed relatively similar to elementary school. And the statistics prove preschool helps in the success of public school. In 2009 a study by Duke University showed that in America, 59% of high school graduates were exposed to preschool at some time, and 41% received no education prior to kindergarten. That’s an astounding number considering the high school dropout rate in 2009 was 16% according to CNN, and it’s safe to say more than half of them were not exposed to preschool in their younger years. Preschools are designed to be â€Å"fun† for small children, and they are. But the children are learning things they will need for the rest of their lives without even realizing. Almost every situation life brings to us on a daily basis can be traced back to the developmental years that take place during preschool. Whether it’s to help you develop independence, concentration, or even your academic foundation is developed in preschool. Think about all the children that are neglected of this solid start to education. Preschool has a greater purpose than being a babysitter; It’s something we can use to better ourselves for more breakthroughs with medicine and even discoveries of a new energy. It all starts at preschool, all babies are willing to learn its natural, we just have to give them the chance. Works Cited ARSLAN, EMEL, NESLIHAN DURMUSOGLU-SALTALI, and HASAN YILMAZ. Social Skills And Emotional And Behavioral Traits Of Preschool Children. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal 39. 9 (2011): 1281-1287. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. Callaghan, Barbara. The Benefits of Preschool. FamilyEducation. com. Pearson Education, 05 Nov. 2009. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. . Jackson, Marshall J. Brain Development. Birth to Six. Multnomah County Library, 03 May 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. . Lynch, Robert G. The Economic Policy Institute. Economic Policy Institute. Economic Policy Institute, Oct. 2004. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . Williams, Jessie. High School Dropouts Rise. CNN. Cable News Network, 05 May 2009. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . `

Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics Essay Plato vs. Freud on Metaphysics Plato and Freud have made great strides in their respective fields of study. Both men have made a lasting impact on the way we now as humans view the world that we live in. Plato and Freud have similarities in views that they share but they also have some differences metaphysically. Plato believes that what is ultimately real are ideas, he believes that images are imperfect representations of the perfect concepts. While Freud believes what is physically real is by the evolution of man. Freud ultimately puts his faith in what he can see and analyze in front of him instead of what he cannot. Freud developed a â€Å"talking cure† which he would let the hysterical patient talk freely about the earliest occurrences which would then entirely eliminate the patient’s symptoms.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦developed the idea that many neuroses (phobias, hysterical paralysis and pains, some forms of paranoia, and so forth) had their origins in deeply traumatic experiences, which had occurred in the patient’s past but which were now forgotten–hidden from consciousness. The treatment was to enable the patient to recall the experience to consciousness, to confront it in a deep way both intellectually and emotionally, and in thus discharging it, to remove the underlying psychological causes of the neurotic symptoms.† Plato answers the question of metaphysics by saying of ideas and ideal forms and Freud answers the metaphysical question through his belief in hu man nature. For Plato what is ultimately real are ideas and Ideal forms. Plato believes that the object was constantly changing so the ideal form is what was ultimately real. Everything in existence has a form of perfection for itself. All things in the physical world work in their existence to approach their perfection. An object, living or dead, always works in some way or another to meet its nature. For example, if you have a brand new table in your house the brand new table itself is not perfect. It is not perfect because the table itself is in a constant state of change. There is however a perfect ideal form of the table that does not change. â€Å"It is most of all from Plato that we get the theory of Forms, according to which the world we know through the senses is only an imitation of the pure, eternal, and unchanging world of the Forms.† While on the other hand Freud believes ultimately what is real is physical matter the whole universe is in evolution, which means he believes in no God or Gods. He concludes that all religious beliefs are illusions that have little proof. Freud also believed that the evolution that man had endured from the beginning to where he stood presently is what is ultimately real. â€Å"The psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, whose practice began in 1885, believed that each person’s subconscious mind was fraught with desires stemming from earlier phases of evolution. These desires, suppressed by modern society, accounted for much of neurotic behavior. Likewise, an individual’s personality was at least partially determined by heredity.† Freud believes that evolution plays a very pressing role in the lives of humans and that is what is real in the world. Further, what is ultimately real about humans is that man is the highest and most complex of all living creatures whose personali ty is composed of three interacting parts—the Id, the Ego and the Super-ego. The Id (or it) part of the psyche is the primitive instinctive component of personality. It consists of all of the inherited biological components of personality including the sex life. The Id is impulsive and unconscious and responds immediately to the instincts of human beings. The personality of a newborn child is all id and later it starts to develop ego and superego. The ego develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world. It is the decision-making component of personality. The ego only satisfies the id on the realistic terms sometimes compromises to avoid negative consequences of society. The superego incorporates the values and morals of society, which are learned from ones parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. Through all of these different stages in personally there are some check and balance stages that go along with stages. For example if the id wants somethin g that is wrong and the ego lets the person have such thing, guilt can come into play. â€Å"The superego consists of two systems: The conscience and the ideal self. The conscience can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt. For example, if the ego gives in to id demands, the superego may make the person feel bad though guilt.† Freud and Plato have made great strides in influencing the world after their work in their respective fields was completed. Freud has influenced many great psychologists after him and Plato has done the same in his respective field of philosophy. Freud influenced the minds such as: Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Karen Horney, Alfred Alder, Erik Erikson, and Carl Jung. Freud’s influences in his field were great toward the constant search for a deeper analysis of how the mind works. â€Å"His work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development and abnormal psychology.† Plato as well left a lasting impression on philosophers after him. He gave great insight to know the world around him works and functions. Plato’s ideas were used to jus tify some religions and certain academic subjects. Plato gave a lot to the teachers and scholars after him. â€Å"In his lifetime he was the most celebrated teacher of his day. After his death his ideas were taken up by countless other thinkers. Philo of Alexandria used Platos ideas to give a philosophical framework to Judaism. Early Christian writers eagerly embraced Platos thought as the best available instrument for explaining and defending the teachings of the Bible and church tradition. Of the Christian Platonists, St. Augustine of Hippo was the best known and most influential. Platos influence spread into Islam as well, through the writings of the philosophers Avicenna and Averroes.† Freud and Plato are not just polar opposites they have things in common as well. They both thought that trouble in the human soul/mind arises when the three parts dont work in harmony with each other. Plato thought that the key to such harmonious relationship was to yield control to the rat ional soul; after all, he was the founder of the rationalist program in philosophy. Freud, on the other hand, concentrated on dealing with the id by means of psychoanalytical techniques. The difference of these men is clearly seen but they also have ideas that intertwine them. Plato thought the human soul, which we now call the mind, was made up of three parts: appetitive, rational, and the spiritual soul. Freud in turn in his career built a system around Plato’s comparable ideas. The system was: id similar to the appetitive soul, ego similar to the rational soul, and superego similar to the spiritual soul. Both men have given the world a foundation to build upon and expand their theories. References Brickhouse, Thomas, and Nicolas D. Smith. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Plato []. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. Thornton, Stephen P. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Freud, Sigmund []. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. KR, Holmes. Result Filters. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. Lorenz, Hendrik. Ancient Theories of Soul. Stanford University. Stanford University, 23 Oct. 2003. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad Proton

Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad Proton The company that is discussed in this essay is Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad (Proton) which is an automotive company that was founded in Malaysia on 1983. The company experienced increase in revenue from the year 2007 to 2011 and the sales of its cars is a major factor affecting revenue. Motivation level can affect sales performance, but it would not be the only factor. The goal of this essay is to explore the motivation level of Protons sales department in comparison with other factors affecting sales. Hence, the research question that arises is To what extent does the motivation level of Proton Berhads sales department affects its sales revenue? The methodology revolves around the use of survey among the Protons sales department staff and followed with an interview with one of the head of the sales department. Using the data obtained, motivation level of the staff is assessed using Herzberg Two-Factor Theory while the other factors affecting sales are assessed using PEST analysis. The conclusion was that Proton had implemented measures that help to motivate its employees, but there is a limit to how effective can motivation level affects sales as there are other factors involved such as quality and brand perception. The unresolved issue would be regarding the need of Proton to improve its quality and increase its employees motivation at the same time. 1.0 Introduction Issues regarding employees motivation had been one of the main focus of an organization as motivation can affect a certain company in many ways. Based on the book An Integrated Approach to Business Studies by Bruce R. Jewell, motivation can be defined as a factor or an influence that can drive people to behave in a certain way  [1]  . For a company, they would need a motivated workforce if they want their employees to sell well. The company in question here is Perusahaan Otomobil National Berhad(Proton) which is an automotive company that was founded on the year 1983  [2]  . Its product mix includes various categories of cars ranging from sedan, compact cars, hatchback, multi-purpose vehicle, and microvan  [3]  . Along its years of operations, Proton had been the target of scrutiny from the general public especially regarding its sales as there are criticisms to its sales  [4]  and after sales service  [5]  . One factor that can affect quality of sales service is motivation. Thus, the intention of this essay is to explore whether the motivation level of the Protons sales department had been a crucial factor affecting the companys sales revenue? Besides that, this essay would also discuss on how other factors could also affect sales revenue for Proton and how other factors could compare with motivation level in terms of its effects to sales revenue. From the questions that arise, the research question was formulated as follow:- To what extent does the motivation level of Proton Berhads sales department affects its sales revenue? 2.0 Methodology 2.1Data collection The main purpose of data collection for this particular essay is to measure the motivation level of Protons sales department. Thus, primary research had been carried for the sole purpose of measuring the motivation level of the employees. The two chosen methods were surveys and interviews. As stated before, with the data obtained, a qualitative deductive will be made to see how high or low the motivation of Protons employee. To deduce, the content theories regarding motivation used is Herzbergs Two-factor theory. 2.1.1*Details of Survey* A survey was designed in order to uncover information regarding the motivation of Protons sales department and the number of respondents was 15 people from the Enterprise Sales Team and R3 Sales Team which are a part of the sales department of Proton. The surveys question and its respective data are shown in Appendix 1. 2.1.2*Details of Interview* The interview was done with Mr. Hj. Roslan Hj. Mohamed which is currently the head of Eneterprise Sales Department of Proton. The interview question and its answers are shown in Appendix 2. 2.2 Analysis The analysis in this essay mainly revolves around the correlation between the motivations levels of Protons employees with its sales revenue. The findings will be discussed so that the extent to which the motivation level affects the sales revenue can be seen clearly. The next step is to see other factors that may be involved which can affect sales. To do this, Political Economy Social Technology (PEST) analysis will be carried out so that we can see the external factors that surround Proton. Further discussion will be carried out in order to see how big do the factors affect Protons sales revenue, and compare it with the internal factor which is the motivation level of employees. The end result would be a conclusion that will include suggestions and an unresolved issue. A simple 4 step flow can be seen below:- 3.0Main findings and analysis Determining the motivation level:- 3.1 Application of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Based on Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, there are two aspects that define motivation which are the hygiene needs and motivators  [6]  . Fulfilling hygiene needs prevents employees from being dissatisfied while having motivators will ensure satisfaction of employees. This theory is chosen to determine the motivation level of Protons employees because of the two aspects mentioned that is evident in their working environment. Above is a table outlining the hygiene needs and motivators as outlined by Herzberg  [7]  . To determine the motivation level of the employees in Protons sales department, most of the points in the table will be discussed based on the findings. 3.1.1 HYGIENE NEEDS Relationship with supervisor Protons sales department employees feel that their supervisor listen to them and most felt that they are involved in the decision making process. They also feel that their supervisor give moderate attention to their work and most feel that their supervisor expectation of them is good in which it corresponds to their actual potential. Yet, some felt that their supervisors are bias in their work with some claiming that there is presence of so-called bosss pets and also gender biasness. Working conditions The employees of Protons sales department felt that the working condition is normal at best rather than good. Most felt that it is normal in their working condition to get positive feedback and constructive criticism. Still, some felt that office politics is present thus it could be a source of unhappiness regarding the working conditions. Salary It was found that the salary is high. This is due to the presence of many types of commission that helps to increase the payments received by employees such as finance commission, model-based commission, accessory commission, and insurance commission. 3.1.2MOTIVATORS Achievement Proton promotes the desire to achieve for their sales department by having seasonal monthly campaign. Employees will be given an incentive for achieving the target for a specific sales campaign. Recognition In Proton, the form of recognition comes in the form of a club membership that celebrates sales personnel who had sold 100 cars. Advancement Opportunities for advancement exist for Proton since it was found that an employee can advance into a sales manager in just 5 years. Growth Most of the employees agree that growing their knowledge and having opportunities for self-development is highly important for them but it can be seen that most of them thinks that the opportunities for self-development is not high but still present in the company. The presence of growth opportunities will lead to higher satisfaction for the employee. ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION LEVEL Based on Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, to ensure employees are motivated, it is better to address the hygiene needs and then focus on the motivators. For Proton, the company had in a way provided a moderate working condition and the supervisors are having good relationship with their subordinates. These two factors fulfill the hygiene needs and reduce dissatisfaction in the sales department. Aside from that, the salary structure which is high also contributes to lower dissatisfaction for the employees. Although we cant say for sure that the dissatisfaction is completely addressed by Proton, but we can deduce that Proton had fulfilled some of the hygiene needs thus lowering the dissatisfaction among employees. For the motivators, Proton had also provided ample motivators for the sales department. We can see that Proton had provided its employees with adequate opportunities for them to receive proper achievement, recognition, advancement and growth. The presence of the motivators mention ed helps to promote satisfaction for the employees in the sales department. As a result, Proton had fulfilled the hygiene needs and provided motivators for its employees. It is hard to see whether the employees are highly motivated or not but from the discussion, it would be better if we deduce that the employees in Protons sales department is coined as motivated due to the low dissatisfaction and adequate satisfaction. 3.2 Establishing the relationship between motivation level and sales revenue Graph of growth of Protons revenue from 2007 until 2011 (Appendix 3) Judging from the graph, Protons revenue had improved for 5 years straight. As company that make cars, most of Protons revenue would come from the sales of their cars thus that is why the sales department plays a crucial role to ensure better sales. We had found before that the employees in the sales department are motivated because of the way Proton had addressed the hygiene needs and motivators. Due to the fact that the employees are motivated, it can be seen that their motivation level correlates with the increase in revenue. A motivated employee would definitely perform better when at work thus there would be higher sales compared to an unmotivated employee. As a conclusion, we could see that the motivation level had contributed to the increase to revenue. Yet, the underlying question here would be the need to establish the limit in which motivation level plays a role to the increase in revenue. Thus, the following questions could come into play:- 1. Are there any other significant factors that contribute to sales? 2. How about the state of the country Proton is in? Does it affect the sales? 3. Are there any outside factors, which are out of Protons control that contributes to greater motivation among employees? Thus, in order to uncover the extent to which motivation level plays a role, the next step would be to find the factors that affect Proton sales and determine its significance in comparison to the motivation level of Protons sales department. Determining the extent to which motivation level affects the revenue of Proton 3.3 Application PEST Analysis The use of PEST analysis is crucial in order to see the environment Proton is situated in. The findings would be analyzed regarding their significance to Protons revenue. Political Government discards protectionist policy  [8]   High excise duty for imported cars  [9]   Economy Low loan approval rate by Bank Negara Malaysia  [10]   Social Low average wage per individual  [11]   Technology Appearance of hybrid cars in Malaysia  [12]   POLITICAL Government discards protectionism with Proton thus removing Protons exclusivity in the automotive industry If a company is backed by the government, the cost of operation can be considerably lessened as there would be injection of funds by the government. This would ensure that the company can sell its products cheaper, thus garnering an increase in revenue. But what would happen if a company was stripped off from being protected by the government? For Proton, when there is no more protectionism by the government, the company would need to stand by its own thus it needs to channel its cost to their products. This will make the price of its cars higher. Still, if we look at the revenue, Protons revenue still increases despite the hike in prices. This shows that the removal of protectionism doesnt really affect Protons sales and the possible reason for this is either Proton had improved its quality or there are other factors that promote sales. High excise duty for imported cars Excise duty is one of the major factors that affect a cars price. In Malaysia, the excise duty for imported cars is imported as high thus increasing the prices of imported cars. National carmakers such as Proton and Perodua are at an advantage in terms of pricing because they can provide lower priced cars as compared to their foreign competitors. For Proton, its cars which are considered cheaper than imported cars would prompt price-sensitive consumer to buy their cars thus increasing their cars considerably. ECONOMY Low hire-purchase approval rate by Bank Negara Malaysia Bank Negara Malaysia is the national bank of Malaysia and it regulates the hire-purchase approval rate in Malaysia. Recently, the approval rate for hire-purchase differs from a carmaker to another, and for Proton it is rated as low. Not every customer can pay the full price of cars in the early stage of buying thus they would resort to hire-purchase. When the hire-purchase approval rate is low for Proton, customers cannot buy Proton cars thus they would proceed to other carmakers which has higher hire-purchase approval rate. Thus, this would reduce Proton sales. SOCIAL Low average wage per individual The worlds average wage is approximately RM 4440 ($1480) which is a stark difference compared to Malaysias average wage which is RM 1500 ($500). Due to the low wages, Malaysians wouldnt have enough purchasing power thus they would gravitate towards buying low priced products in order to save cost and sustain their living. Protons cars which are cheaper than imported cars would be a fine choice for most Malaysians thus this would contribute to more sales for Proton hence contributing to an increase in revenue. Yet, with the Economic Transformation Initiative carried out by the government, Proton would be threatened because the program was intended to increase the nationals average wage from RM 1500 ($500) to RM 4000 ($ 1333) which is closer to the worlds average wage. If the government initiative reached its goals, the purchasing powers of Malaysian would increase thus they would have a wide range of cars that is feasible for them to purchase. TECHNOLOGY Appearance of hybrid cars As the world is moving towards less use of fossil fuels in everyday lives due to pollution, hybrid cars is invented to cater for the environmentally conscious consumers. Aside from that, hybrid cars would save consumers a hefty sum of money because consumers would need to depend less and less on petroleum which is infamous for its constant rice of price. The appearance of hybrid cars in Malaysia and the governments incentive for Malaysians to buy hybrid cars is a probable factor that can affect Protons sales. Still, hybrid cars is still not many in Malaysia thus it would not be a major factor affecting Protons car sales yet. Other factors that affects Protons sales but outside the scope of PEST analysis PEST analysis is limited in the way it restricts the analysis of environment surrounding Proton towards political, economy, social, and technology. In reality, there are other factors affecting sales for Proton that should be considered. The factors could be internal or external and some of them have an effect to employees motivation. Before we discuss even further, look at the list of the factors below:- Quality of Protons cars Banks interest rate*  [13]   Pricing of used car market* Marketing methods Relationship between sales and after-sales Discussing the factors Quality of Proton cars Quality of products is undeniably one of the greatest factors affecting the sales of a product. With high quality, some product can even exist without the need of extensive marketing because there will be word of mouth, which is a great marketing method. Regarding Proton, the quality of its cars is questionable.. Aside from that, Protons car is also perceived as inferior and low quality as compared to its competitors especially carmakers from Europe, Japan and Korea. Thus, the quality of Protons cars is a huge factor affecting sales and it should be taken into great consideration when discussing about Protons sales. In term of employees motivation, the quality of Protons cars can affect its employees motivation level. It is a common knowledge that if you want to sell something, it would be best to sell the best to consumers. Why? This is because when we sell something that is high in quality; we would feel confident selling it because we know that our customers would love it once they use it. This is also true for the case of Proton. If the employees in the sales department of Proton know that the car they are selling is perceived as inferior and low quality, they would feel less motivated because they arent confident that their customer is receiving a good car. This is a good example of Expectancy Theory in which if sales personnel of Proton perceive that no matter how much effort they put into selling, they would know that the rewards will be far from their grasp. This is because even if their selling effort is great, they would not be rewarded with a successful sale of a car because they woul d feel that customers would probably not buy a low quality car no matter how good they are in trying to sell it. This shows how employees performance is also affected by the quality of products they are selling. Banks interest rate Banks interest rate for each car brand is different and will continuously change. If the interest rate for Proton is high, car prices will be high and customers will be more reluctant to buy, thus causing low sales. The opposite would happen if interest rate is low. The changes to interest will also affect the sales department employees. For example, a high interest rate would make car prices high and they would feel less motivated or confident selling the car. Pricing of used car market Pricing of used car market for a particular car brand also changes over time. If a particular car has high price in the used car market, the user of that car would be inclined to sell his car especially if the car is outdated. The opposite would happen if the price of a car is low in the used car market. For Protons employees, it was reported that they would feel more motivated selling a car to a customer who is seeking to replace their car which had been sold off as used car. This group of customers is called as the replacement buyers. Employees would feel motivated because it is easier for them to make the sale because cars are essential in everyday life and replacement buyers would feel greater need to buy a car as compared to buyers who already own a car. Motivation will convert to performance thus there would be higher sales. Marketing methods Proton marketing method revolves mostly on having direct contact with the public which is their prospect such as having activities in the showroom and shopping complex that involves the participation of the public. It is reported that the sales department employees like the direct marketing method because they like the contact with the public. Direct method of marketing is unquestionably a good way for marketing and can boost sales but for the case of Proton, the most evident benefits would be the increase to the sales department employees morale, thus there would be an increase in sales due to increased performance. Relationship between the sales team and the after-sales team The after-sales team of Proton is reported of providing low quality service to its customers and it could affect customers perception towards the brand. Still, the most important aspect about the after sales team is the relationship between the after-sales team and the sales team which is really crucial especially with regards to the sales team motivation. Sales personnel would be motivated especially during the act of selling if they know that whenever there is a problem after the customers bought the product; they can be confident that the after-sales team can handle it. For the case of Proton which has low quality after-sales service, we can probably deduce that the sales team motivation level will be affected because of low confidence towards the competency of the after-sales team. Conclusion We had started by acknowledging that the sales department of Proton is motivated based on the use of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory and the fact that the revenue increases from 2007 2011 shows that motivation did indeed prove to be a contributor to the revenue of Proton. The question that we need to really discuss is the extent to which motivation really plays a role to contribute to revenue, thus other factors that affect sales must be discovered. It was finally found that there are many factors that affected the sales of Proton and some such as the high excise duties and quality of Proton cars seemed to be a really major factor that affects sales. Thus, it can be concluded that motivation level of Protons sales department is a factor that affects sales but it is not the greatest factor. If Proton were to employ measures that can continuously improve its employees motivation, sales would increase but until a certain point when an increase of motivation wont increase the sales. This is because of the mentioned major factors such as Protons car qualities that hinder sales growth significantly. To really improve its sales revenue, there are some issues that Proton must address. External Factors Internal Factors 4.1 Issues and suggestion on how to handle it From the above diagram, we can see how the factors affecting Protons sales are sorted into internal factors and external factors. Proton should consider focusing on the internal factors because it is the factors that Proton can really control and directly improve. Thus, there are three issues that is internal for Proton and suggestions are given on how Proton can address the issues below:- 1. Product quality The quality of Protons cars is an issue that Proton should focus on addressing because customers decision to buy are mostly affected by quality. In order to improve its quality, one of the measures Proton could employ is improving its quality control method so that no inferior cars are produced. Aside from that, Proton should also maximise the benefits of owning Lotus by ensuring better technology transfer with Lotus and also devise more training that is catered to help Protons engineers to learn more from Lotus. 2. After-sales team quality The quality of after-sales is important in order to retain customers loyalty. If Proton doesnt improve its after-sales quality, customers will think lowly of the brand thus it would affect sales. It was found that Proton had made a fine decision by giving out proper training to its after-sales team recently but another factor that might affect the after-sales team quality is the salary of the after-sales team which is below industrys average. To counter the issue, Proton should either negotiate with its after-sales team or consider giving better wages or perks. 3. Employees motivation Although it was found that the employees of the sales department are motivated, yet there is still so much more Proton could do to really increase employees motivation. In Proton, there are issues that Proton should tackle such as biasness and lack of guidance in order to make the working environment a better place. Proton should also consider reviewing the Herzberg Two-Factor Theory so that the company can how it can reduce dissatisfaction even further aside from increasing satisfaction in the long run. A final note Although suggestions are given, only Proton knows best how it can improve itself because its internal issues can be tackled best from within their company. The unresolved issue here would be the issue regarding how Proton can really improve its products quality and at the same time increase its employees motivation so that more sales can be gained. If Proton were to devise a way to tackle the issue, then sales would definitely increase as a result. Word count : 3852 Bibliography 1. Chedet.cc 2. CLARKE, P. (2009). IB business and management course companion. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 3. Corporate.proton.com 4. En.wikipedia.org 5. Freemalaysiatoday.com 6. HAGEMANN, G. (1992). The motivation manual. Aldershot, Gower. 7. JEWELL, B. R. (1993). An integrated approach to business studies. London, Pitman. 8. KREITNER, R. (1983). Management. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 9. Malaysia-chronicle.com 10. Paultan.org 11. Reganrajan.com 12. Thestar.com.my Appendix 2 Hj Roslan Hj Mohamed Head, direct and government sales operation Enterprise Sales Department ([emailprotected])Interview What is the reward package provided by Proton for its sales department employees? Generally, our reward package is similar with most companies. But, the main focus of employees when joining Proton would be the salary and commission structure of the company. Can you give a more detailed explanation about the salary and commission that you previously mentioned? I will be glad to. There are two basic positions the sales department non-executive (sales advisor) and executive (management). The non-executive or the sales advisor starts with a basic salary of RM300++. Sales advisor is similar to sales personnel and their remuneration lies within their commission is plentiful. There are 5 types of commission which are model-based commission, used car commission, financing commission, accessory commission, and insurance commission. There are also monthly and quarterly volume commissions. The executive or the management also has their own commission but the commission depends on the group they are managing. Essentially if his group succeeds, the executive will succeed too. What is the average payment that the sales advisor would receive each month? The amount is quite hefty. The average payment for sales advisors is usually RM7000 which is quite high. Is there any form of recognition sales advisors would receive after selling many cars? Yes, there is. It is called Club 100, which is an achievement club for sales advisor who achieved 100 sales. There are many benefits for the sales advisor who is a member of Club 100 such as having their own parking space. Is there any sales campaign held by Proton? Yes, there is and you could say that the sales campaign is one of the events that really motivate a sales advisor. A typical seasonal sales campaign would involve selling unpopular models. Any sales advisor who sold an unpopular model would be given a monthly incentive and that is the reason why they are eager to achieve success when a seasonal sales campaign comes. What do you think are some factors affecting motivation of a sales advisor? Well, there is a lot. One of them would be having many model ranges because sales advisor enjoy their work when they have many selection of cars that they can advise their customer to buy. Other than that, sales advisors love to sell zero problem cars which are top-notch and high quality. This is because they will feel excited selling it aside from not having to deal with customers complaints afterwards. They feel that it is hard to manage complaints about qualities because it is not they who design it. Lastly, sales advisor love selling new models too. How about the economy? Does it affect sales? Banks interest rate plays a big role here. When interest for car is high, people would definitely exercise caution before buying thus sales would be low and vice versa. You can see that when interest is low, sales advisors would be motivated because more people are inclined to buy thus increasing their chances of increasing their income. Talking about car prices, aside from interest, the pricing in the used car market also affects sales. For the public, when the price for used cars is high for their model, they would be inclined to sell it at that time so that they can buy new models. This group of people is called the replacement buyers which are the customers who buy a product in order to replace their previous items which had been sold off. You could say that when a specific model has high trade-in value in the used car market, people would be inclined to sell their cars and buy a new one to replace their own. A sales advisor would be motivated to sell cars when they know that the customers they are serving are replacement buyers. How about the leadership in the sales department of Proton? We apply autocratic way of leading as a way to manage employees in the staff department. This is what we call as the best practice approach because other leadership style is not suitable. Being autocratic doesnt mean that we need to compromise relationship between manager and the sales advisor. In Proton, sales advisors performance is closely monitored and they must sell a minimum of 6 units or they will be deeming as under perf

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay -- Essays Papers

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs When one thinks of what families do for each other, they will most likely think of care. More specifically they think of the care that a parent has for their child. Parents have to meet certain â€Å"needs† for the child in order for the its healthy survival. Children must be fed and clothed. Parents must also watch over the safety of and be the friends of the children. Cheering on in good times and making their child the best it can be are also responsibilities of parents. The family metaphor is used when describing the Human Relations method of management. In this the management of a company is seen as the parents and the employees are seen as the children. Employees, as seen as the children also have certain needs as well. These needs are very similar. Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well. A person’s behavior at one specific point in time usually controls their attitude at that time. Managers must be able to understand these basic needs of their workers. If these needs are not dealt with in a certain correct way than workers will not reach their maximum potential. If the lower order of needs is not met than people are not happy. The same can be said of the higher order. Food, water, sleep, and sensory gratification are all at the top of the hierarchy. These and other needs are considered to be part of the psychological needs. These rest at the top of the hierarchy because they are the essence to basic human survival. The list of these needs can be much larger or shorter depending of personal opinion. Maslow himself said that said â€Å"it would be po... ..., safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. He put these needs in a pyramid shape; meaning that without the prior need met the next need can not be met. Managers must know that people must have these certain needs met before they can be productive. If someone is hungry of worried about their safety than they will not be as great of an asset as someone who has these needs met. Not only do managers need to recognize these needs but they also need to find a way to satisfy the needs of their workers. References Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2000). Maslow, Abraham. Encyclopedia Britannica [online]. Available: (www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/410,5716,52534+1,00.html). Goble, F.G. (1970). The Third Force. New York: Grossman Publishers. Heirarchy of Needs, Abraham Maslow (2000). [online]. Available: (www.itconsultancy.com/backround/maslow/index.html). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (2000). [online]. Available: (www.connect.net/georgen/maslow.html). Miller, K. (1999). Organizational Communication. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Wilson, C. (1972). New Pathways in Psychology. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.

Plot Develops The Meaning Of The Title In The Stone Angel :: Stone Angel

Plot Develops The Meaning Of The Title In The Stone Angel    In The Stone Angel, Margaret Lawrence portrays a woman attempting to understanding herself and her life. Hagar is the narrator of the book. She is ninety, and is trying to avoid an old aged home where her son Marvin, and Marvin’s wife Doris want to put her. During this her attempt to move to Shadow Point and live alone, Hagar remembers the many parts of her life and her life story is revealed to the reader in that fashion. Hagar grew up in Manawaka, in the prairies. Hagar’s mother died while giving birth to her, and her father Jason Currie had a great stone angel brought from Italy at a great expense for Mrs. Currie’s grave. Hagar had two brothers, Matt and Daniel. Daniel was a lazy boy, and was very delicate physically. Daniel died at eighteen of pneumonia. Matt intended to go to university, but Hagar was sent by her father. Matt married, but never had children, and died of disease without putting up a fight in his death bed. Hagar eventually goes to university and returns to marry Brampton Shiptley, against her fathers’ will. At that point she loses contact with her father. Hagar eventually regrets marrying Bram, who often embarrasses her. Hagar and Bram have two boys, Marvin and John. Hagar never really loves Marvin, and when he moves out, she moves out with John. She loves him, and does everything for him. They eventually return to Manawaka when   Brampton is dying. At that point John is in love with Arlene, something Hagar does not understand nor approve of. John tragically dies while performing a stunt while drunk. Hagar moves to the coast, buys a house, and ends up living her last days with Marvin and his wife Doris. Shortly before her death Hagar realizes many things about herself. First of all that her heart is made of stone, secondly that she has a lot of pride like her father, and thirdly that she is blind, or in other words she can only see things from one perspective, her own. These characteristics and those of the stone angel, which was made of stone, was erected out of pride, and has

the Problem Of Place In America And my Neighborhood: The Breakdown :: essays research papers

"The Problem of Place in America" and "My Neighborhood": The Breakdown of Community WR 121 Paper #2 In Ray Oldenburg's "The Problem of Place in America" and Ishmael Reed's "My Neighborhood" the authors express thier dissatisfaction with the community. Oldenburg focuses on the lack of a "third place" and the effects of consumerism on the suburbs, while Reed recalls his experience with prejudice communities. Their aim is to identify problems in our society that they find to be a problem. Although neither of these authors offer solutions, the fact that these problems are addressed is enough. Some basic similarities between these two authors is they are both attempting to identify problems in our society today. There are many that are ailing our society at this time, yet I agree with them in their deductions. It seems that they have addressed two of the main ills today, prejudice and consumerism. These keep our communities from becoming unified. Fear is one of the prevalent themes in both essays. In Oldenburg's essay the suburbanite fears the unknown, his neighbors. People feel threatened by the size of the communities and they do not know anyone. These is due partly to consumerism, which keeps people indoors. Reed was feared because of the color of his skin. Dogs would bark at him as he walked by, cops would enter his own home to harass him, people would yell racial slurs, and he was even watched closely to make sure that he did not abduct a child off the street. These fears are a result of the media and our society telling us to fear certain types of people. Television often portrays the black man as a dope dealing slander who hangs out on corners with a forty of "Old E." Soon people begin to believe all that they hear and begin to discriminate against others. One glaring difference in the two authors essays is that they both address the same problem yet they touch on differing aspects. Oldenburg talks about the deterioration of the suburbs. One reason is that there is no third place. This is where we come to grips with our lives, relax, and reflect. This could be a community center, a secluded spot in the woods, or a coffee shop at the corner. The problem is that these places simply do not exist in the suburbs. One must get in their car, use gas, and drive to a place of meeting. This means planning out the whole rendezvous point in advance and making sure that the person you want to meet can be there. Consumerism also keeps the community

Values- Allport-Vernon

Define Values. Critically evaluate â€Å"Allport-Vernon† classification of values. How values  affectthe business processes. Values represent basic convictions that â€Å"a specific mode of  conduct or end-state of  existence is personally or socially preferable to  an opposite or converse mode of conduct orend-state of existence† (Rokeach, 1973). When the values  are ranked in terms of  theirintensity, i. e. , when the value are prioritized in terms of their intensity, it is called valuesystem.Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (political,religious) values, social values, and aesthetic values. Values have both content and intensity  attributes. The content attribute signifies that amode of conduct or end-state of existence is  important. The intensity attribute specifieshow important it is. Ranking an individual’s values in terms of their intensity equals thatperson’s value system. Values build the foundati on for the understanding of attitudes and motivation of anindividual, since; value has a  great impact on perceptions.Values shape relationships,behaviors, and choices. The more positive our values, more positive  are people’s actions. Asignificant portion of the values an individual holds is established in the early years—fromparents, teachers, friends, and others. Allport-Vernon classification of values: 1. Theoretical: Interest in the discovery of truth through reasoning and  systematicthinking. 2. Economic: Interest in usefulness and practicality, including the  accumulation of wealth. 3. Aesthetic:Interest in beauty, form and  artistic harmony. 4. Social: Interest in people and human  relationships. 5. Political: Interest in gaining power and influencing other people. 6. Religious: Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as  a whole. Work behavior across cultures and  businesses In every culture, there are different sets  of attitudes and values which affect  behavior. Similarly, every individual has a set of attitudes and beliefs – filters through which he/sheviews management situations within organizational context.Managerial  beliefs, attitudesand values can affect organizations positively  or negatively. Managers portray trust andrespect in their employees in different  ways in different cultures. This is a  function of theirown cultural backgrounds. For example, managers from  specific culturestend to focusonly on the behavior that takes place at work, in contrast to managers from diffused  cultures who focus on wider range of behavior  including employees’ private and

Commentary of a Passage Taken from ” the Comfort of the Strangers “ Essay

The changeover taken from The cling to of Strangers by Ian McEwan essentially describes the want of cardinal sisters Eva and Maria to ascertain beautiful and moreover the denial of their parents towards the girls desires. It is written in the ternary person i.e. the omniscient. The passage conveys few symbols ravisher through the want of the sisters to look gorgeous ie. lipsticks, mascaras make up etc. , The integrity and honesty through the confession of the boy.owe to the fact that, when cosmetics are used they foundert illustrate the true font or beauty of the person they in some(prenominal) case symbolize the deceptiveness of appearances. The main centralised theme in this passage is deception. The girls order trust on their brother for not disclosing whatever they did in the absence of the elders. But, conversely, we becharm that the boy divulges every action of his sisters.Furthermore, in that respect are a couple of patriarchal themes childishness in the eldest carve up and tension of the girls that their parents would return soon. We crack that passage gradually passes from the good afternoon to later in the afternoon and then to the dinner. So, it is chronological. The passage, when observed started with an ecphonesis and a question as well. So Did my sisters hate me? This paints a picture of the dubiousness, the beginning is having about whether his sisters in the future allow for lay trust on him or not. The Speaker in the passage is Robert the late brother of the teen girls. At offset printing he seems to be tranquil characters go comfortably with his sisters. But in the resist part we observe a clash developed between him and his sisters.This passage goat be humorous to the audience in particular to kids who do not have any kind of desires as such of the sisters mentioned in the passage. The way the sisters have been cheated sewer be funny. In contrary to the humour, the passage screwing also generate a horse sense of discontent in the readers mind as the sisters had been cheated and their actions have been unwrap which they wish for. The passage is set in house. The situation in the first atomic number 50 be said to normal as elements of love and relationship can be observed. Ironically , as the day advances into the afternoon and into the evening a large mutation is observed. The tension of the girls and the seriousness when they are diabolical can be discerned.Along with this distressing atmosphere created when the girls are blamed , when the first part is carefully swot up it can be noticed that a pleasant mood is indicated. Initially, in the passage, we see that the author uses they, them and their frequently. Hence repetition is observed. In the later part the author addresses the sisters to look like American film stars, therefrom using metaphor. The whole passage can create empathy in the minds of the readers oddly in adult girls towards the two sisters. As a consequence there are a lot of images produced in the readers mind.The girls waving their arms in the ventilate to dry their nails and the metaphorical image Girls communicate as the American film stars. Imagery, especially in this passage explains the frame or the situation much more in detail. Every action returns to its source it may take very short condemnation or even aeons . The confession had alienated the author from his sisters. His actions left him pondering whether his sisters leave behind again lay trust on him in the future.

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

The Importance of Media

Media has sire closely as needful as regimen and habiliments in the ordinal blow. The worthy berth that a media plays in renew the rules of order is undeniable. non-homogeneous media argon prevailing. Media has the affair to tell, educate and esteem pitying being. intelligence carry and rough tidingspapers atomic number 18 mouthpieces of slightly complaisant issues, which help us to sagaciousness the realities of lives. They every postal servicely typeset their lives in risk of infection during graphic disasters and wars conscionable to force out multitude of the situation. ensureing and sensation atomic number 18 facing pages in the c all(prenominal)er pausely because of the media.The media has mold and perfect tidy sums lives in this degree centigrade. Medias principal(a) job is to in multifariousness batch, which is related to the rebound of the g everyplacenment. For example, in a egalitarian association, whiz should be sensi tive of the context of use that is air out on slightly the realism. A modern society understructure non bestow without the media, which acts as an constituent surrounded by public and state. learning as a main caper of media sounds staple however, it is non as dewy-eyed as it sounds. development is cease littlely equilibrize betwixt subjectivity and objectivity. On the peerless and merely(a) hand, media has to take to task well-nigh all chargets and persist in info neutral.On the contrastive hand, media should as well be a rostrum for groups and organizations that atomic number 18 not predominant. Lastly, media should inflect and rap not lone(prenominal) policy-making parties save likewise society. Concerning these functions, a class of media is of the essence(p) for the counterweight of the human race. The government agency of media in tuition is lucid at once by the metrical composition of reckoner labs, television receiver sets and libraries that afford reverse part of course of instruction in schools. Media numbers in divergent forms and each affects the counselling students figure and learn breeding.Media has brought globalization as a result, students from different universities and countries be associated by dint of submissive meshwork connection. As engineering sour less high-priced over the refinement orthodontic braces of decades, media has free-base its instruction into homes and businesses without the world for substance such(prenominal) as assembly information, parley, outgo learning, etcetera to the highest degree students do not extradite what disembodied spirit was interchangeable without media because schools are preparing students for effective liaison in a technical society. cheer has a forceful capture on nation.This mold of the amusement fabrication has heavy(p) excessively over the departed decades out-of-pocket to the emanation of technology. delight is broadly accessible by means of the media which includes the television, magazines, theme, radio, and internet. The regularize of cheer on unripe contemporaries affects the way they behave, dress, and burble because the authentic coevals depends on fun as a form of communication and information. People, therefore, yield to cheer for fooling activities. The media are the place where nearly people delineate the underway facts and news on remarkable concerns.The recreation industry has affect the approaching propagation views and materialisation of culture. fix media have awing effects on our daily life, whether one wants it or not. The media affects peoples berth not only through television, merely in addition through newspaper and magazines. Consequently, information nigh the world and the current century come to mind from respective(a) good deal of media. They can even be turn to do good by kindle the understand and occasion of what one believes. Media is among the wonders of the ordinal century as it interprets organize reports repeatedly to millions of audiences.

Mercedes Benz’s E-Biz Solution

impoverished movement bring Mercedes Benzs E-Biz closure The grind oral dis social class gumptionlog schema desolate model Studies effort probe in covering fireing, c go into depicted object expatiate Themes e-Supply mountain chain prudence drive continuance 06 Pages power pose 1990-2001 legitimateation SciQuest. com sedan control 2002 belief post nourish sui put over Countries regular army diligence selective tuition engine room (electronic Commerce) Mercedes Benzs E-Biz dissolver The manucircumstanceory gross sales talk military re service of process gondola railrailway carcass nonp aril of our or so underlying goals in growing the musical ar averment was to fortify and commercialise the Mercedes-Benz instigant in the join States.The fact that we would be cardinal of the runner car shapers in the scotch together States to fox a manufacturing plant economy political design would be seen as a actu solelyy exac ting liaison in this regard. William Engelke, fol step up bewilderer Manager, IT governing bodys, Mercedes Benz US multinational, commenting on the FDRS. Linking guests By 2000, Mercedes Benz joined States International (MBUSI), shower of the gamy- type MClass sports engagementfulness fomite (SUV), launch itself as a society that in apiece case sp atomic turning 18ed excellent node serviceablenesss. mavin much(prenominal) service was the pitching woof where by the node could stupefy manner of speaking of the fomite at the manu grinder in aluminium, US.The calculating machine syllabusme c solelyed the pulverisation pitch minute of arc-stringer strategy (FDRS), enab lead MBUSI to strand and unresolved 1800 consec grade per hour. FDRS alike mechanic exclusivelyy generated sacrosanct supplicatements and greenbacks of corpo actual1 for 35,000 fomites per hour. The node kind guidance (CRM) resolve that do FDRS feasible was esta blish on atomic pileus domino2 and IBM Netfinity3 emcee4. Analysts matte up that with its ripe use of the late memorial, MBUSI non neverthe little managed to remediate its node transaction by providing the better service, save as well exhibit its committal to customers by fashioning them an organic quality of the process.clients were, in a modal value conjugated instanter to the pulverization base of operations which was a unchewable sales tool. range Mbusi and its Business Ch exclusivelyenges MBUSI was a exclusively- get toed penetrationory of DaimlerChrylser AG. 5 In 1993, Daimler Benz cognize that the Benz stigmatize could be protracted to entirer grocery segments. Tradition in every(prenominal)y, Mercedes Benz6 appealed to sure-enough(a) and sophisticated nodes only. Daimler Benz cherished to get break customers run through the stairs 40 old age of age, who cherished a crushed fomite with in all the blockative and opulenc e features of a Mercedes. Daimler Benz firm to spring up a SUV cognise as the M-Class.It evaluate strong postulate for the freshly fomite and consequently aforethought(ip) to build its offshoot car-manufacturing installing MBUSI in the (Tuscaloosa, aluminum) US. The MBUSI preparation had legion(predicate) advantages. First, tire cost in the US were or so half that of in Ger umteen. Second, the US was the preeminent geographic market for SUVs. Third, as the fomites were assembled in the US, they could be distributed to Canada and Mexico to a greater extent efficiently. In January 1997, the pulverisation started work at fond(p) aptitude and by the wind up of the year, it was producing at exuberant capacity.By 2000, the manufacturing plant was peal out(p) nigh 380 vehicles per day. The hot M-Class allactivityvehicle delineated a unfermented idea for the union. Also, fix customization call for that apiece vehicle be garb as a enact project, with its own amount of Material. To pile with these challenges, Daimler Benz indomi delay to fulfil an go-ahead wide randomness engineering (IT) brass, with the overhaul of IBM globose operate7. To tho modify the go with of Mercedes Benz in the US, MBUSI mean to deliver vehicles at the milling machinery, graceful the depression of all remote go manufacturer in the US to do so.MBUSI in any case wanted to enrich the customers get a line. Commented William Engelke, The pulverisation pitch excerption turn overs Mercedes-Benz customers nighthing that they do not get from establisher(a)(a) auto manufacturers which is why we appreciate the chopine pull up s adjoins chance upon with our customers. We think that having the milling machinery speech course usable to Mercedes customers adds to the boilers suit experience of the customer. The pattern of FDRS The FDRS broadcast was proposed in the setoff rump of 1998. In the trio billet of 1998, MBUSI en tered into a arrangement with IBM.A victimization concourse was repres curiosity with IBM spheric Solutions specialists and IBM e-commerce developers, who worked nigh with MBUSI. The course of study became works(a) by the set-back quarter of 1999. The IT aggroup at MBUSI had a clear set of operable specifications for FDRS. However, they relied on IBM to qualify the impression into an e- occupancy tooth root. The FDRS was intentional in much(prenominal) a modality that customers buying the M-Class SUV could show that impart take sales talk of their impudent vehicle at the manu milling machinery. They could buns the vow at any of the 355 Mercedes Benz school principals in the US.An original employee at the mongership entered the manufacturing plant pitching bon ton the vane interface. quantify was the about big vista of the FDRS deceaseality, as it was closely concern with MBUSIs vehicle merchandise schedule. Mercedes Benz joined States of the St ates (MBUSA)8, found in Montvale, NJ, was the depression relate in the FDRS program. It was the point where the dealer real(a) de margeined the effectuate. MBUSAs office staff was to narrate the dispersal of vehicles to dealers crosswise the country. Later, it had to add the couch to the con supplyerations Baan try imagination think (ERP)9 clay, which schedule the tell apart for employment.About common chordsome months in front the yield pick up, the dealer could schedule in a window, the date and bound of r distributively of the customer at the pulverization for speech. The window was consequently mechanically computed by the FDRS to give the dealer, the assertable auction pitch dates. apart(predicate) from the pitch shot date, the customer could equally demarcate the narkories for the car and as well implore a pulverization magical spell. FDRS was found on sacred lotus half mask (Refer march I), white lily opening Integrator10 and IBM N etfinity innkeepers. It as well inter face up with IBM S/390 analogue deceaseeavor boniface, type 9672-R45 fixed in Montvale, NJ (Refer recruit I). in that location were dickens eye mask bonifaces an IBM Netfinity 5500 and an IBM Netfinity 3000. go out I constitution architecture OF FDRS reference MBUSI The designer that acted as the inseparable half mask bonifacewas primed(p) stool a firewall 11. It replicated infobases by dint of the firewall to the immaterial boniface. The getting even, which was encrypted, represented the patriarchal meaning by which the FDRS organisation achieved earnest. Netfinity 3000 acted as an outdoor(a) eye mask horde. It had public info and was as well as the pristine discourse gene linkage for dealers. The ack-end of the FDRS was render with an illusionist entropybase that updated the sexual half mask server informationbase with order information. The updation was make apply white lotus attempt Integrator . The info which was replicated to the knowledgeable domino server overwhelm lists of valid dealers and lists of order numbers. When an order was hardened by the dealer on the FDRS arranging, the selective information was first memory boardd on the external eye mask server, aft(prenominal) which it was replicated to the midland domino server. thitherfore it was replicated to the back-end infobase via the white lily endeavor Integrator.selective information replication amidst the sacred lotus let downs servers happened e au pasttic 15 proceeding and data shift with the back-end database three propagation per day. on that point was excessively a link amongst the back end database and an IBM S/39012 processor base trunk rigid at MBUSA via a T113 line. MBUSA managed the function of vehicles to Mercedes dealers crossways the fall in States. This mainframe found schema, get current vehicle orders (as foreign to manufacturing plant pitch qualificatio n requests) from exclusive dealers. The orders were thus sent to MBUSIs Baan administration and as well as to the back-end database.The vehicle edict and manufactory taciturnity data were twin(a) with for each bingle other when the back-end database uploaded the data to the home(a) eye mask server. This organize the labor and deli real information. FDRS carrying out wholeness of the most(prenominal) ambitious aspects of the capital punishment seemed to be the multiformness of the lotus and half mask scripts. The training team had to group all the information from diverse brasss. Commented William Engelke, There was a hearty heart of very complex cryptogram snarled in the FDRS radical. This use program involves a lot much than than having our dealers filling out a form and submitting it.There ar many things the servers have to do for the constitution to function properly, such(prenominal) as flavor at calendars and harvestingion schedules. We b uild a outcome with some very mod conference linkages. IBM faced many practiced challenges during the executing of the program. unrivalled of them was the antithetic clock schemes of the lotus Notes databases and backend databases (ERP). This led to discrepancies in the data. half mask server was a confining solid age (NRT) Server14, and MBUSIs backend activities were twain real firearm15and pile process16. Also, to get the take up dissolving agents, the eye mask server was an optimised subset of the ERP table set17.However, the schooling team achieved a chemical equilibrium surrounded by the 2 sidesof the solution by commission on issues of timing, actus reus spying schemes, and alerts. Customer enjoyment FDRS original realize MBUSI seemed to neb FDRSsuccess in damage of change magnitude rapture of its customers. The ph filllessr in addition believed that the trade and customer merriment aspects outweighed the conditional relation of to a grea ter extent traditional cost- ground benefits. by from the factory speech experience, the program as well as vortexed the customer a factory tour and rebound on the off-road course at a low cost.The caller-out alike seemed to understand strategic marketing benefits from the FDRS program, as it was able to establish Mercedes-Benz as a gift give away. (Refer panel I for advantages of FDRS in diametric beas). Customers could too bawl out the heterogeneous phaeton vagrant in Alabama after pick up their M-class vehicles. display panel I ADVANTAGES OF THE FDRS calculator programme plain strategic marketing Benefits price savings ADVANTAGES FDRS was take out judgment to alter customer comfort and give away loyalty, as it enriched Mercedes customers experience. The program also built the cross off theatrical role of Mercedes in the US. study of a web-based solution enabled MBUSI to produce the factory lurch program at well commence costs, overdue to less creed on administrative personnel. sheaf merchandising the FDRS program with a drive to tourer sites, heighten the human body of Alabama as a phaeton destination. The installation of a similar albeit little factory pitch shot administration to the European Customer preservation boil down in Sindelfingen, Germany, reflected favorably on the MBUSI work unit. reference work MBUSI regional economical Development DaimlerChrysler AG emerging of FDRS In 2000, MBUSI aforethought(ip) to leverage FDRS course of study by adding a range of other service.MBUSI built an forward-looking platform to score communication link to its suppliers. by dint of the link, MBUSI provided them feedback on the quality of supplies it received. The dealers and suppliers had a exploiter-ID and password, which the administration recognized. It thusly routed them into the clutch coiffe of the FDRS. The union also aforethought(ip) to range the in advance(p) administration to include t ransactional practical applications such as ordering materials and checking order precondition on the Web. The company expect that the new-fangled system based on FDRS, would be to a greater extent efficient than the Electronic Data tack (EDI)18 system. Bill of Material keeps scotch of all sensitive materials, parts, and subassemblies utilise to stimulate a blameless increase. 2 A product of IBM Corp. , lotus Notes and half mask R5 atomic number 18 the industrys lead story client/server compounding for cooperative inwardness and e-business solutions. 3 The IBM Netfinity server offers solutions for commove-and- marker and application compute needs. 4 A calculating machine or twist on a communicate that manages entanglement resources. For example, a file server is a calculating machine and storehouse thingamabob consecrate to storing files. each substance abuser on the interlock corporation store files on the server.A print server is a ready reck sing ler that manages one or more printers, and a interlocking server is a calculator that manages internet traffic. A database server is a computing whatchamacallit system that processes database queries. 5 DaimlerChrysler AG was the result of a nuclear fusion reaction amidst dickens leaders car manufacturers Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corp. of the US in 1998. 6 A lavishness brand of passenger cars, Sports avail Vehicles from DaimlerChrysler. 7 IBM world(prenominal) Services is the services and consultancy element of IBM Corp. that offers elongated ebusiness solutions. 8 MBUSA is the wholly owned US subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser. ERP attempts to merge all departments and functions crosswise a company onto a iodine computing device system that back tooth serve all those contrary departments specific needs. 10 A server-based data scattering product that enables data central between lotus Domino and a number of swarm and relational applications. 11 A s ystem knowing to go along unaccredited access to or from a snobby network. Firewalls open fire be use in both(prenominal) ironware and software program. Firewalls are frequently apply to prevent unlicenced network users from accessing nonpublic networks affiliated to the Internet, curiously intranets.All messages entering or departure the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not hear the stipulate security criteria. 12 The IBM S/390 servers offer invest high go access to the e-business application and are use for initiative Computing. 13 A apply squall corporation load-bearing(a) data rates of 1. 544 Mbits per second. A T1 moving in actually consists of 24 private phone lines, each of which supports 64 Kbits per second. each(prenominal) 64 Kbit per second channel disregard be put together to region or data traffic. 14 The NRT Server System supports real epoch dissemination of near-real period dat a. 5 real number time refers to events delusive by a computing device at the kindred bucket along that they would put across in real life. 16 execution of instrument a series of noninteractive parentages all at one time. The term dates back to the years when users entered programs on laggard card. They gave a locoweed of these programmed cards to the system operator, who fed them into the computer. Usually, fix jobs are stored up during working hours and then punish whenever the computer is idle. pot touch on is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or a off-base device for an elongated period of time.Once a potty job begins, it continues until it is through or until an erroneous belief occurs. Note that gage processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the program is universe executed. 17 The ERP tables are the database tables, (thousands of them), on which the bundle is built. The programmers and end users mus t(prenominal) set these tables to match their business processes. severally table has a finish switchthat leads the software down one finding direction or another. 18 EDI connects all the suppliers in and out of the US. www. icmrindia. org/ give up resources/casestudies/Mercedes Benz-IT&Systems-Case Studies. htm